Direito e literatura: 1984, de George Orwell

12. COMPARAÇÕES DE 1984 COM ADMIRÁVEL MUNDO NOVO

Em outubro de 1949, depois de ler 1984, Huxley enviou uma carta a Orwell na qual argumentava que seria mais eficiente para os governantes permanecerem no poder pelo toque mais suave, permitindo que os cidadãos buscassem o prazer de controlá-los, em vez de usar recursos brutos. força. Ele escreveu:

Se, de fato, a política da bota na cara pode continuar indefinidamente, parece duvidoso. Minha própria crença é que a oligarquia dominante encontrará maneiras menos árduas e inúteis de governar e de satisfazer sua ânsia de poder, e essas maneiras se assemelharão àquelas que descrevi em Admirável Mundo Novo.

...

Na próxima geração, acredito que os governantes do mundo descobrirão que o condicionamento infantil e a narco-hipnose são mais eficientes, como instrumentos de governo, do que clubes e prisões, e que o desejo de poder pode ser completamente satisfeito sugerindo que as pessoas amem sua servidão como açoitando-os e chutando-os em obediência.[138]

Nas décadas desde a publicação de 1984, houve inúmeras comparações com o Admirável Mundo Novo de Huxley, publicado 17 anos antes, em 1932.[139][140][141][142] Ambos são previsões de sociedades dominadas por um governo central e ambos são baseados em extensões das tendências de seus tempos. No entanto, os membros da classe dominante de 1984 usam força brutal, tortura e controle mental severo para manter os indivíduos na linha, enquanto os governantes de Admirável Mundo Novo mantêm os cidadãos na linha por meio de drogas, hipnose, condicionamento genético e distrações prazerosas. Em relação à censura, em 1984 o governo controla rigidamente as informações para manter a população na linha, mas no mundo de Huxley, tanta informação é publicada que os leitores não sabem quais informações são relevantes e quais podem ser desconsideradas.

Elementos de ambos os romances podem ser vistos nas sociedades modernas, com a visão de Huxley sendo mais dominante no Ocidente e a visão de Orwell mais prevalente em ditaduras, incluindo aquelas em países comunistas (como na China moderna e na Coréia do Norte). apontado em ensaios que comparam os dois romances, incluindo o próprio Admirável Mundo Novo Revisitado de Huxley.[143][144][145][134]

Comparações com romances distópicos posteriores como The Handmaid's Tale: O Conto da Aia, Virtual Light, The Private Eye e The Children of Men também foram feitas.[146][147]

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