Notas
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "The Sources of Law". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–52. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.003.0003. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
Malcolm D. Evans. International Law. p. 49. Oxford, 2003. ISBN 0-19-928270-6.
This may be shown by reference to some epochal events in Japanese relations with three Korean countries during this period: with Shilla in 205 AD, Paekche in 2016 AD and Kogryo, bordering upon North China, in 297 AD as cited by Masaji Chiba, Japan Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 89–90.
Masaji Chiba, Japan Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 90.
K Zweigert and H Kotz, Introduction to Comparative Law (2nd ed, Vol 1, Oxford, Clarendon press, 1987), pp. 361. and 370–371; R. David and J. E. C. Brierley, Major Legal Systems in the World Today, An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Law (2nd ed, London, Stevens and Sons, 1978), pp. 479. and 500.
However, Japanese legal and general historians have not overtly affirmed or denied this for two reasons: first, because there are no written records left and, second, because Japanese official history tended to devaluate, or even deny, and Korean influence, cited in Masaji Chiba, Japan Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 90.
Masaji Chiba, Japan Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 91.
Translation of "kami" = gods in Shintoism, not only enshrined in Jinja (enshrinement of Shinto gods, worshiped by any group of small local fraternities, local communities or associated believers from different localities) but also deified as governing human affairs and natural occurrences, as cited by Masaji Chiba, "Japan" Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 118.
Masaji Chiba, "Japan" Poh-Ling Tan, (ed), Asian Legal Systems, Butterworths, London, 1997 at 91.
Hane, Mikiso; Perez, Louis G. (2014). Premodern Japan: a Historical Survey. (Second edition ed.). Boulder, CO. ISBN 978-0-8133-4970-1.
McMullin, Neil (2014). Buddhism and the state in sixteenth-century Japan. Princeton, New Jersey. pp. 196–200. ISBN 978-1-4008-5597-1. OCLC 889251193.
Kleinschmidt, Harald. (2007). Warfare in Japan. Florence: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-87370-3. OCLC 988176089.
Lillehoj, Elizabeth (2011). Art and palace politics in early modern Japan, 1580s–1680s. Leiden: Brill. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-21126-1. OCLC 833766152.
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"Japan | History, Flag, Map, Population, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
Hashimoto, Masanobu; 橋本政宣 (2002). Kinsei kuge shakai no kenkyū. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan. ISBN 4-642-03378-5. OCLC 52370917.
Wren, Harold G. "The Legal System of Pre-Western Japan." Hastings LJ 20 (1968): 217.
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "The History of Modern Japanese Law". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.003.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
M.B. Jansen (ed.), The Emergence of Meiji Japan (Cambridge, 1995).
Thayer, N. B. (1996). The Japanese prime minister and his cabinet. SAIS Review, 16 2, 71–86.
John Owen Haley, Authority Without Power: Law and the Japanese Paradox (Oxford, 1994), ISBN 0-19-509257-0
N. Hozumi, Lectures on the New Japanese Civil Code as Materials for the Study of Comparative Jurisprudence (Tokyo, 1904)
P. Alminjon, B. Nolde, and M. Wolff, Traité de droit comparé (Paris, 1950), Tome II, pp. 427–428
Griffin, Edward G. "The Universal Suffrage Issue in Japanese Politics, 1918–25." The Journal of Asian Studies 31.2 (1972): 275–290.
Ryang, Sonia, ed. Koreans in Japan: Critical voices from the margin. Routledge, 2013.
R. P. G. Steven, “Hybrid Constitutionalism in Prewar Japan,” Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1. (Winter 1977) pp. 99–133.
Alfred C. Oppler, Legal Reform in Occupied Japan: A Participant Looks Back (Princeton, 1976)
Levin, Mark (2009). "Continuities of Legal Consciousness: Professor John Haley's Writings On Twelve Hundred Years of Japanese Legal History". Rochester, NY. SSRN 1551420.
Id.; see generally, Daniel Foote, ed., Law in Japan: A Turning Point (University of Washington Press, 2007). ISBN 0-295-98731-6.
M. Ibusuki, "Japanese Law via the Internet" 2005 "GlobaLex - Japanese Law via the Internet". Archived from the original on 2009-04-19. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
"Japanese Law Translation - [Law text] - The Constitution of Japan". www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp. Archived from the original on 2021-03-03. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
Masaji Chiba Japan edited by Poh-Ling Tan, "Asian Legal Systems" Butterworths, London, 1997.
See Tanaka K, The Japanese Legal System: Introductory Cases and Materials, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1976, pp. 16–24 for the text. The Constitution gave the legal system its basic structure, composed of several modern legal essentials: that is, national sovereignty, fundamental human rights, separation of powers, a representative government and state-controlled finances.
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The modern system of Japanese law, together with the process of the transplantation and its socio-cultural background, has been studied by many Western and Japanese scholars. Prominent are von Mehren A T, Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1963; Takayanagi K, 'A Century of Innovation: The Development of Japanese Law, 1868–1961' in Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, von Mehren A T (ed), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1963; Tanaka K, The Japanese Legal System: Introductory Cases and Materials, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1976; Oda H, Japanese Law, Buttworths, London 1992 in English, Murakami J, Einfurung in die Grundlagen des Japanischen Rechts, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1974; Igarashi K, Einfurung in das Japanische Recht, Wissenschaftliche Buchgedellschaft, Darmstadt, 1990; Conig et al, Die Japanisierung des Westlichen Rechts, J C B Moor, Tulbingen, 1990; Scholler H (ed), Die Enrwicklung der Rezeption westlichen Rechts auf die sozialen Verhältnisse in der fernöstlichen Rechtskultur, Nomos, Baden-Baden, 1993; Menkhaus H, Das Japanische in Japanischen Recht, Iudicium Verlag, München, 1994 in German; Scheer M K, Japanese Law in Western Languages 1974–1989: A Bibliography, Deutsch-Japanischen Juristenvereinigung, Hamburg, 1993 in both German and English; Centre Francais de Droite Comparé, Etudes de Droit Japonais, Société de Législation Comparé, Paris 1989; Maison du Japon, Boissonade et la Reception du Droit Francais au Japon, Société de Législation Comparé, Paris, 1991; Matsukawa T, La Familé et Droit au Japon, Economica, Paris 1991 in French.
Law No. 5, 1947
H. Shiono, Gyōsei-hō (Administrative Law), Part 1, 2nd edn (Tokyo, 1994), pp. 57–67
Judgment of the Supreme Court, 1 May 1958, Keishū 12-7-1272.
See e.g. Law on Water Pollution Controls, Law No. 138, 1970, Art. 3, para. 1.
For an exception, see Judgment of the Supreme Court, 20 January 1971, Minshū 25-1-1.
C. Milhaupt and G. Miller, ‘Cooperation. Conflict and Convergence in Japanese Finance; Evidence from the “Jūsen” Problem’, Law and Policy in International Business, 1997, No. 1, p. 1ff.
H. Shiono, ‘Administrative Guidance’, in K. Tsuji (ed.), Public Administration in Japan (Tokyo, 1984).
Ciarán Burke, An Equitable Framework for Humanitarian Intervention (Oxford: Hart, 2013).
T. Morishita Transparency of Japanese Law Project – Group for International Finance Law 2006–2009 Kyushu University "Finance - Transparency of Japanese Law". Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
T. Nakano (ed.), Hanrei no Yomikata (How to read Cases) (Tokyo, 1986), pp. 14–16.
Y. Higuchi, ‘Hanrei no kōsoku-ryoku kō (On the Binding Force of Precedent)’, in Higuchi and M. Shimizu (eds), Nihon-koku Kenpō no Riron (Theories of the Constitution of Japan) (Tokyo, 1987), p. 684
"An overview of the criminal law system in Japan". Government of Canada. 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
"Japanese Civil Code | Japanese law". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
E. Hoshino, Minpō-Ronshū (Treatise on Civil Law), vol. 6. (Tokyo, 1980), pp. 90–149.
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "General Rules and Institutions of Private Law". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.001.1. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
Law No. 90, 1991
F. Takakura, ‘Shōhō-ten no Tanjō (The Emergence of the Commercial Code)’, Jurist, 1999, No. 1155, pp. 5–15
This is known as the "nasciturus fiction" which allows a fetus in utero to be considered legally born for purely beneficial purposes; this is the equivalent of the common law en ventre sa mère doctrine.
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "Law of Obligations and Contracts". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 136–163. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
T. Uchida and V. Taylor, "Japan's 'Era of Contract'", in D. Foote, Law in Japan: A Turning Point (Tokyo, 2007), p. 454ff
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "Law of Torts". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.001.1. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
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J. Gresser et al. (1981), Environmental Law in Japan (Cambridge, Massachusetts), pp. 128–130.
Takao Tanase, "The Management of Disputes: Automobile Accident Compensation in Japan", Law and Society Review 24 (1990), 651.
R. Kagan, "On the Routinization of Tort Claims: Takao Tanase's 'The Management of Disputes'". This paper was presented at a Sho Sato Conference held on February 12–13, 2005 at Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley.
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "Property Law". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.001.1. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
Law on the Lease of Land and Houses, Laws No. 49. and No. 50, 1921 (replaced by Law No. 90, 1991).
V. Taylor, ed. (1997). Asian Laws Through Australian Eyes. LBC Information Services, Sydney. p. 38.
Curtis Seubert: Japanese Employment Laws.
Antnio Augusto Cancado Trinidade. International Law for Humankind. Boston, 2003. ISBN 978-90-04-18428-2
"Japan", Y. Matsuda, S. J. Deery & R. J. Mitchell (eds.), Labour Law & Industrial Relations in Asia, 1993, Longman Cheshire: Sydney, at 175.
Chalmers, N. (1989) Industrial Relations in Japan: The Peripheral Workforce, Routledge, London, at 102, cited in "Japan", Y. Matsuda, S. J. Deery & R. J. Mitchell (ed), Labour Law & Industrial Relations in Asia, 1993, Longman Cheshire: Sydney, at 175.
Self-Defence Force case, Sup. Ct., 3rd Small Bench, February 25, 1975, Minshu, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 143. as cited by Y. Matsuda, S. J. Deery & R. J. Mitchell (eds.), Labour Law & Industrial Relations in Asia, 1993, Longman Cheshire: Sydney, at 177.
Oda, Hiroshi (2009). "Criminal Law and Procedure". Japanese Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 426–442. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199232185.003.0019. ISBN 978-0-19-923218-5.
Lenz, K-F. (2005). "Penal Law". In Röhl, W. (ed.). History of Law in Japan since 1868. Leiden. pp. 607ff.
T. Moriyama, World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems—Japan, Takushoku University, Archived 2016-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
Rothman, Fred. The American Series of Foreign Penal Codes 8: A Preparatory Draft for The Revised Penal Code of Japan 1961. Sweet & Maxwell Limited. p. 1.
Tokyo, David McNeill in. "Japan's crime problem? Too many police, not enough criminals". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
"Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) | Data". World Bank. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
Osumi, Magdalena (2019-11-29). "Japan's crime rate hits postwar low, but child abuse, domestic violence and offenses by elderly on rise". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
Art. 33. and Art. 35. of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
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Osaka, Eri. "Gender Issues in the Legal Profession and Legal Education in Japan" Paper presented at the annual meeting of The Law and Society Association, Hilton Bonaventure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 27, 2008.
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