Notas

1 JOSEFO, 2009, p. 87. a 90

2 JOSEFO, 2009, p.90

3 SANTOS, 2018, p. 18

4 LEÓN, Lucas Pordeus. AGÊNCIA BRASIL, 2023. Disponível em: https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/internacional/noticia/2023-10/entenda-o-que-e-sionismo-movimento-que-da-origem-ao-estado-de-israel

5 REVISTA MARÍTIMA BRASILEIRA, 2015, p. 46

6 BBC NEWS BRASIL, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/ckgn7w97l48o

7 BRASIL DE FATO, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2025/04/16/cerca-de-500-mil-palestinos-foram-deslocados-na-faixa-de-gaza-desde-a-retomada-dos-ataques/

8 ONU NEWS, 2024. Disponível em: https://news.un.org/pt/story/2024/08/1836171

9 ONU NEWS, 2024. Disponível em: https://news.un.org/pt/story/2024/09/1837411

10 ONU NEWS, 2023. Disponível em: https://news.un.org/pt/story/2023/12/1824407

11 UNEP , 2024. Disponível em: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/damage-gaza-causing-new-risks-human-health-and-long-term-recovery

12 UNEP, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/damage-gaza-causing-new-risks-human-health-and-long-term-recovery

13 COMITÊ INTERNACIONAL DA CRUZ VERMELHA. Disponível em: https://www.icrc.org/pt/direito-e-politicas/o-meio-ambiente-e-guerra

14 ALONSO, Juan Francisco. BBC, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/cj78d7gzkl3o

15 Governo Brasileiro, 2023 , https://www.gov.br/planalto%29%3A/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/notas-oficiais/notas-oficiais/nota-oficial-do-governo-brasileiro-sobre-o-bombardeio-de-hospital-em-gaza

16 MIER Y TERAN, Anna. UNIVERSIDADE DE NAVARRA, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/war-in-palestine-and-its-impact-on-western-countries

17 DAVIES, Wyre. BBC NEWS BRASIL, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/c9rz9rlpl7xo

18 OHCHR. Disponível em: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-and-mechanisms/international-human-rights-law

19 https://www.hrw.org/pt/world-report/2024/country-chapters/israel-and-palestine, 2023?

20 TETRAULT-FARBER, Gabrielle. CNN BRASIL, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/onu-diz-que-crimes-de-guerra-foram-cometidos-por-israel-e-pelo-hamas/

21 UNRIC, [s.d.]. Disponível em: https://unric.org/pt/orgaos-da-onu/

22 TORTELLA, Tiago. CNN BRASIL, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/votacao-resolucao-russia-conselho-de-seguranca-onu/

23 CINTRA, Rodrigo. MAPA MUNDI, 2023. Disponível em: https://mapamundi.org.br/2023/a-importancia-da-reforma-do-conselho-de-seguranca-da-onu-ampliacao-de-membros-e-poder-de-veto/

Abstract: This research explores the conflict between Israel and Palestine, focusing on the challenges of ensuring the application and effectiveness of human rights. Historical, religious, and political aspects from its origins to the present day were addressed, as well as the local and international impacts resulting from this conflict. The Zionist movement that drove the creation of the State of Israel has also contributed to the existing tension over the years. After the Hamas attack in 2023, along with the kidnapping of hostages and murders, Israel has responded with intense military actions, mainly in Gaza. This has resulted in thousands of deaths, destruction of the environment and infrastructure, forced displacement of civilians, and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Both governments involved in the conflict receive support from other states. Brazil currently demonstrates a more focused stance towards the Palestinian cause. In addition, the reform of the UN Security Council is necessary for taking effective action. Finally, the case study and inductive method were used, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The research includes scientific literature, data from international organizations involved in the case and regulations of International Law.

Key words : Israel. Palestine. war. UN. rights.