CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
As Patentes Verdes são tecnologias de uso recente no Brasil. Somente no ano de 2012 o Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial resolveu implantar o Programa Piloto de Patentes Verdes brasileiro. Efetivamente, apenas no ano de 2013 foi deferida a primeira patente verde, com o número de pedido PI1104733-0 (INPI, 2015).
A primeira tecnologia verde reconhecida pelo INPI refere-se ao “Processo de esterificação direta de ácidos graxos livres via ácido sulfúrico e desidratantes sulfato de sódio ou sulfato de potássio para a produção de biodiesel de elevada pureza” (INPI, 2015). O tempo utilizado para concessão do pedido foi de 131 dias, entre o depósito e a concessão da carta-patente (INPI, 2015).
Após a análise dos 52 pedidos deferidos de Patentes Verdes pela autarquia federal, verificamos que o tempo mínimo para concessão de uma carta-patente para os integrantes do PPPV do INPI foi de 4 meses e o prazo máximo de 2,8 meses (INPI, 2015). O objetivo atual do INPI é encurtar o prazo do exame de tecnologias verdes para 2 anos (LU,2013).
Em outros países, como Estados Unidos, os números de patentes verdes concedidas são de 2.674 inovações e o prazo médio para concessão é 12 meses. Na UE o prazo foi reduzido para 12 meses, semelhante aos Estados Unidos (WROG, 2012).
A concessão célere de uma patente é fundamental para desenvolvimento tecnológico de um país. O Programa Piloto de Patente Verde é uma boa iniciativa para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias limpas e o crescimento de ecoinovações em diversos países.
REFERÊNCIAS
ABBOTT, F. M (2009). Innovation and Technology Transfer to Address Climate Change: Lessons from the Global Debate on Intellectual Property and Public Health, ICTSD’s Programme on IPRs and Sustainable Development, Issue Paper No. 24, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
AIPPI. International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property. Climate Change Report and Environmental Technologies: The Role of Intellectual Property and Green Technology.https://www.aippi.org/download/commitees/198/Report198Report+Climate+Change+and+Environmental+Technologies+The+Role+of+IP+esp.+PatentsEnglish.pdf(Accessed July 18, 2015).
ALBINO, V., ARDITO, L., DANGELICO, R.M., PETRUZZELLI, A.M. Understanding Eco-Innovation Evolution: A Patent Analysis in the Energy Field. Paper to be presented at the 35th DRUID Celebration Conference 2013, Barcelona, Spain, June 17-19.
ALMEIDA, T.L., SOUZA, I.D.S., TAKAHASHI, V. P. Will. Governmental Incentives in Developing Countries Support Companies to Innovate More? Evidences from Skin Care Patent Applications in Brazil. Journal of Technology Management And Innovation, v. 9, pp. 1-20, 2014.
BRAZIL (1996). Law No. 9.279, May 14, 1996. Regulates rights and obligations relating to industrial property. http://www.inpi.gov.br/images/stories/Lei9279-ingles.pdf (Accessed July 5, 2015).
BRAZIL (2004). Law No. 10.973, December 2, 2004. Provides incentives for innovation and scientific and technological research. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2004/lei/l10.973.htm (Accessed July 7, 2015).
BRAZIL (2005). Law No. 11.196, November 21, 2005. Regulates taxation. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2005/lei/l11196.htm (Accessed July 7, 2015).
BRAZIL (2012). Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Resolution n° 283, April 02, 2012. This Resolution regulates the priority examination of applications for patents Greens, the procedures for the pilot program related to the issue and other matters. http://www.inpi.gov.br/ (Accessed July 7, 2015).
BRAZIL (2013). Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Resolution n° 83, April 17, 2013. Extending and expanding the priority examination Pilot Program for Green Patent applications to the INPI and other measures. http://www.abapi.org.br/abapi2014/legislacao.asp?ativo=Sim&secao=Legisla%E7%E3o&subsecao=Resolu%E7%F5es%20do%20INPI&tipo=Atual (Accessed July 01, 2015).
BRAZIL (2013). Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Resolution n° 122, November 29, 2013. Expands and discipline priority examination of applications for patents Greens, under the INPI, the procedures for the program to issue related pilot and other measures.http://www.abapi.org.br/abapi2014/legislacao.asp?ativo=Sim&secao=Legisla%E7%E3o&subsecao=Resolu%E7%F5es%20do%20INPI&tipo=Atual (Accessed July 10, 2015).
BRAZIL (2014). Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Resolution n° 131, April 15, 2014. Expands and discipline priority examination of applications for patents Greens, under the INPI, the procedures for the program to issue related pilot and other measures. http://www.inpi.gov.br/menu-servicos/patente/acelere-seu-exame (Accessed July 10, 2015).
BRAZIL (2015). Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property. Resolution n° 145, March 15, 2015. Extending the 3rd Phase of Green Patent Pilot Program. http://www.inpi.gov.br/menu-servicos/patente/legislacao-patente-1 (Accessed July 10, 2015).
CECERE, G., CORROCHER N., GOSSART, C., OZMAN, M. (2014), "Technological pervasiveness and variety of innovators in Green ICT: A patent-based analysis", Research Policy, vol. 43, n°10, pp. 1827-1839.
DECHEZLEPRETRE, A., GLACHANT, M., HASCIC, I., JOHNSTONE, N., MENIERE, Y. (2011) Invention and transfer of climate change-mitigation technologies: a global analysis. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 5 (1). pp. 109-130. ISSN 1750-6824. DOI: 10.1093/reep/req023. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/37667/ (Accessed July 05, 2015).
European Commission. 2010. EUROPE 2020. A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. COM (2010) 2020 final, Brussels.
European Commission. 2011. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Innovation for a sustainable Future - The Eco-innovation Action Plan (Eco-AP). COM (2011), Brussels.
European Commission. 2013. First overview of the Call 2013 CIP Eco-Innovation. Eco-Innovation - Market Replication. COM (2013), Brussels.
INPI – Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. http://epatentes.inpi.gov.br/ (Accessed July 22, 2015).
LANE, E. L. “Building the Global Green Patent Highway: A Proposal for International Harmonization Of Green Technology Fast Track Programs”, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, vol. 27, 1119- 1170, 2012.
LU, B. (2013). Expedited patent examination for green inventions: developing countries’ policy choices. Energy Policy, 61, 1529-1538.
NEWELL, R.G., RAI, A.K., REICHMAN, J., WEIENER, J.B. (2008), “Intellectual Property and Alternatives: Strategies for Green Innovation”. Chatham House Energy, Environment and Development Programme Paper No. 08/03, December, 2008 available at: http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/research/eedp/papers/view/-/id/691/ (Accessed July 16, 2015).
OECD. 2008. Environmental Policy, Technological Innovation and Patents. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD, 2009b. Eco-innovation in industry – enabling green growth. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Pimentel, L.O. Course of intellectual property and innovation in agribusiness: Module II geographical indication. Brasilia: MAP; Florianopolis DLS / UFSC / FAPEU, 2009.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in accordance with Resolution No. 44/228 of the UN General Assembly on 12/22/89, establishes a balanced and integrated approach to issues relating to environment and development: Agenda 21 - Brasília: House of Representatives, Publications Coordination, (1995). http://www.onu.org.br/rio20/img/2012/01/agenda21.pdf (Accessed July 15, 2015).
WCED (1987), Our CommonFuture: Report of the Worldd Commission on Environment and Development, WCED, Switzerland.
WONG, S.M. Environmental Initiative and the Role of the USPTO’S Green Technology Pilot Program, 16 Intellectual Property L. Rev. 233 (2012).Available at: http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/iplr/vol16/iss1/1 (Accessed July 02, 2015).
